Optics

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 optics:

  1. Reflection: When light hits a smooth surface, such as a mirror, it reflects off the surface, allowing us to see our reflection.






  2. Refraction: When light passes through a medium with a different refractive index, such as from air to water, the light bends, causing objects to appear distorted.





  3. Lenses: Lenses are used to focus and bend light to form images, and are commonly found in cameras, telescopes, and eyeglasses.






  4. Prism: A prism is a piece of glass or other transparent material that can split white light into its component colours, creating a rainbow effect.







  5. Polarization: Light waves can be polarized to vibrate in a single plane, which is used in polarized sunglasses to reduce glare.





  6. Interference: When two or more light waves meet, they can interfere with each other, creating patterns of light and dark areas, such as in the case of diffraction gratings.





  7. Holograms: Holograms are created using interference patterns of light to create a 3D image of an object.





  8. Optical fibres: Optical fibres use total internal reflection to transmit light over long distances without significant loss, and are used in telecommunications and medical equipment.









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