Physics

  magnetism: Compasses: Compasses are small magnetic devices that can be used to determine direction by aligning with the Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnets: Electromagnets are created by passing electric current through a coil of wire, creating a magnetic field. They are used in many devices, such as speakers, motors, and MRI machines. Magnetic materials: Certain materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, have natural magnetic properties and can be magnetized to create permanent magnets. Magnetic levitation: Magnetic levitation, or maglev, is a method of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to suspend and propel vehicles without physical contact with the ground. Magnetic storage: Magnetic storage devices, such as hard drives and magnetic tapes, use magnetic fields to store and retrieve data. Magnetic resonance imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body...

  electricity: Lightning: Lightning is a natural phenomenon caused by the buildup of electric charges in the atmosphere, resulting in a discharge of electricity. Batteries: Batteries use chemical reactions to produce a flow of electrons, creating a source of electric energy that can power devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars. Electric circuits: Electric circuits are networks of interconnected components, such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors, through which electric current can flow. Generators: Generators use mechanical energy to convert motion into electricity, such as in hydroelectric power plants and wind turbines. Electric motors: Electric motors use magnetic fields to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, such as in fans, refrigerators, and electric vehicles. Lightning rods: Lightning rods are used to protect buildings and structures from lightning strikes by providing a path for the electric current to follow, safely grounding it. E...

  optics: Reflection: When light hits a smooth surface, such as a mirror, it reflects off the surface, allowing us to see our reflection. Refraction: When light passes through a medium with a different refractive index, such as from air to water, the light bends, causing objects to appear distorted. Lenses: Lenses are used to focus and bend light to form images, and are commonly found in cameras, telescopes, and eyeglasses. Prism: A prism is a piece of glass or other transparent material that can split white light into its component colours, creating a rainbow effect. Polarization: Light waves can be polarized to vibrate in a single plane, which is used in polarized sunglasses to reduce glare. Interference: When two or more light waves meet, they can interfere with each other, creating patterns of light and dark areas, such as in the case of diffraction gratings. Holograms: Holograms are created using interference patterns of light to create a 3D image of an object. Optical fibres:...